The first cup of wine drunk at the Seder is the cup of Kiddush, and the second is drunk at the conclusion of Maggid, after reciting the Beracha of "Asher Ge’alanu Ve’ga’al Et Abotenu." However, despite the fact that the second cup is not drunk until the end of Maggid, Hacham Ovadia Yosef rules that the cup should be poured right before Ma Nishtana, when the children ask their questions. One of the ways we arouse the children’s curiosity is by pouring the second cup of wine before beginning the meal. The children do not ask about the first cup, since they are accustomed to beginning the meal with Kiddush, but they are then perplexed when we pour a second cup of wine before proceeding to the meal. It is thus appropriate to pour the second cup before Ma Nishtana as part of the effort to arouse the children’ curiosity.
According to the strict Halacha, one does not have to wash the cup before pouring the second cup of wine. One may simply pour wine into the cup or, as is customary, have somebody else pour for him. According to the Zohar, however, one should rinse the cup before pouring each time at the Seder. And thus although one is certainly allowed to add wine to the cup without first rinsing it, it would be preferable to first rinse the cup to follow the teaching of the Zohar.
One should preferably use red wine at the Seder, even if one has white wine which is higher quality than his red wine. Hacham Ovadia rules that one who has difficulty drinking wine may use grape juice at the Seder. One may also use wine for some of the cups and grape juice for the others. There are those who use wine for the first cup – which is the most important, as it also serves the function of Kiddush – and for the last cup, since they will soon be going to sleep so it would not matter if the wine makes them tired. In any event, grape juice is perfectly acceptable for use at the Seder for any or all the cups if one finds it difficult to drink wine.
If, for whatever reason, a person will not be drinking the second cup of wine, he nevertheless recites the Beracha of "Asher Ge’alanu," as the Beracha does not depend upon the Misva of the second cup.
Some people have the custom that only the head of the household recites the Beracha of "Asher Ge’alanu" while everybody else fulfills their requirement by listening. This practice is perfectly acceptable, and may even be preferable. If this practice is followed, those listening must ensure not to answer "Baruch Hu U’baruch Shemo." If, however, the head of the household does not clearly enunciate all the words, or if he does not have in mind that the others are fulfilling their obligation through his recitation, then everyone should recite the Beracha himself or herself, as they cannot rely on the head of the household’s recitation.
All the four cups at the Seder must be drunk while leaning to the left, and one who drinks without leaning must drink the cup again while leaning. If one drank the second cup without leaning, he does not repeat the Beracha of "Asher Ge’alanu" when drinking again. It is advisable for the head of the household to announce before the recitation of "Asher Ge’alanu" that everyone should drink while leaning to the left after the recitation.
